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This Chinese recipe features some of the best dried and preserved Chinese ingredients: dried shrimp, Chinese sausage and dried mushrooms. Traditionally, this dish is made with white rice or sticky, glutinous rice. But we’re using brown rice to create a hearty, healthful dish with authentic Chinese flavors. You’ll learn how to buy, store and use each of these preserved ingredients, and use a pressure cooker to make this dish in half the time.
Savory and hearty is how to best describe this rice dish. It’s very similar to Sticky Rice with Chinese Sausage, that you’d likely find in Dim Sum places, but less sweet, and we use brown rice instead of sticky, glutinous rice. There’s no added sugar in our recipe.
My Mom’s family is Hakka, from Southeastern portion of China in the Guangdong region. My grandparents emigrated to Hong Kong in the 60’s (actually, there’s a brave and daring escape from China story that I’d love to tell one day.) This recipe is an adaption of a traditional Hakkanese recipe – using a pressure cooker and substituting brown rice for white.
The Hakkanese are migratory people – unlike many Chinese people who self identify based on geography – “Hakka” literally means “Guest Family.” Thus, there aren’t very many Hakka cookbooks available. The only one I’ve found in English is The Hakka Cookbook by Linda Anusasananan that chronicles the history, culture and recipes of the Chinese “nomads.”
Using a pressure cooker
Using a pressure cooker cuts the cooking time by more than half! After testing many variations, we’ve found that brown rice tastes the best when cooked in a pressure cooker. We’re using the Instant Pot today, our top pick for electric pressure cookers (between my Mom and I, we own 5 different brands of pressure cookers – and this one is our favorite.)
This recipe was specifically made for a pressure cooker, whether electric or manual/stovetop.
Left: dried shrimp Right: after soaking
Dried Shrimp
Dried shrimp is small shrimp, salted and sun dried, though these days, the shrimp are dried in giant, industrial sized ovens. They can be as small as your pinky nail, or as big as a quarter. Like many dried ingredients, its umami qualities provide a natural salty-sweet-savory flavor to dishes. Dried shrimp is popular in many Chinese dishes – we use it to provide a base flavor for soups, like this Chinese Daikon Pork Soup. You might have had dried shrimp in dishes like Chinese sticky rice, fried rice, braised cabbage. You might find them whole in your stir fry or soup, or minced up in fried rice.
Think of dried shrimp as a flavor enhancer, providing briny note to your dish. It’s not fishy, and even my seafood-fearing husband will eat any dish that is cooked with dried shrimp. In fact, most of the time, he doesn’t even notice the dried shrimp (I mince it), but he does notice the subtle, umami delicious flavor of the dish. I tell people unfamiliar with dried shrimp to think of it similar to how a little bit of chopped bacon can transform a dish.
How to buy dried shrimp:
- The bigger the shrimp, the more expensive. The bigger the shrimp, the longer you’ll need to soak (see below section on how to use.)
- The smaller the shrimp, the more salty. Counter the salt by soaking for longer period of time (and discarding the water.)
- I just prefer to buy small size. It’s inexpensive and provides great flavor.
- At Asian markets, you can find dried shrimp packaged in small bags, near the dry goods isle (usually where the dried mushrooms are) or refrigerated. Some markets sell them in bulk.
- Look for pink, coral colored whole shrimp. Avoid dark, grey, ash colored, broken shrimp.
How to store dried shrimp:
- Store dried shrimp in the refrigerator or freezer. My Mom likes to divide the bag of dried shrimp into smaller bags. She’ll keep one in the refrigerator and the rest in the freezer.
- Dried shrimp do go stale after a while, when they start turning grey-ish or ash colored, it’s time to get a new batch.
How to use dried shrimp:
- Soaking reconstitutes the shrimp, and brings out more flavor. Put a small handful of small dried shrimp in a small bowl. Soak in cool water for 30 minutes, or just-boiled hot water for 10 minutes. Timing is just a guideline, there is a point of diminishing returns here. If you soak for hours, the shrimp begins to to lose its flavor into the water. Soaking is not necessary – some cooks use dried shrimp just as-is!
- We used to use the flavored soaking water in cooking, but these days, we discard the water – sometimes the water is gritty and dirty.
- Remember that dried shrimp is salty, adjust your seasonings in the dish accordingly.
Chinese Sausage (lap cheong)
Chinese Sausage
Lap cheong (Cantonese) or là cháng (Mandarin) (臘腸/腊肠)
Speaking of bacon, Chinese sausage is the bacon of the East. Cheesy statement, I know, I cringed too when I typed that. Chinese sausage is magic. Sweet, salty, savory and fatty. Fatty pork or duck (or a combo) is seasoned, encased, strung and then smoked while hanging. Chinese sausage is used in dim sum – a sausage tucked into a pillowy-soft, white steamed bun, fried rice, steamed with rice, Clay Pot Chicken, Sticky Rice in Lotus Leaf and even replacing bacon in many dishes like Roasted Brussels Sprouts with Chinese Sausage.
How to buy Chinese sausage:
- Look for Chinese sausage in the dry goods aisle or refrigerated.
- Package should be tightly shrink-wrapped. Avoid loose bags with air pockets. Some Chinese markets or delis may sell them just hanging (no packaging), but I avoid those unless I’m at a busy Chinatown market where they get them made fresh and the inventory cycles fast.
- Color should be deep, dark reddish. Avoid dull brown, unless the ingredients include “Chinese sausage with liver” – those are just naturally darker because of the liver. I’ve never been a fan of ones with liver. The tiny cubes of fat in the sausage should be opaque, pearly white when you cut into the sausage.
- Some brands include a ton of fat – it’s up to you what you like. Fat = flavor, but too much fat in the Chinese sausage will make your dish greasy.
- There are many brands – Kam Yen Jen is the most popular and is made in the USA. We use that quite a bit – it’s not the very best quality, but it’s what we can find outside of big city Chinatowns and markets. My Mom’s friend heads up to Toronto a few times a year, and brings back my favorite brand, “Happy Meat.” What a name! But it’s the best quality Chinese sausage and her frequent trips help keep my freezer well stocked.
How to store Chinese sausage:
- Chinese sausage preserves quite well. Unopened packages can last in the pantry for several months. A better way to store them is in the refrigerator, where they’ll last longer. If we get a few packages, I’ll store 1 package in the refrigerator, and the rest in the freezer.
- If you open a package and only use a few links, wrap the remaining tightly in plastic wrap, and then tin foil before refrigerating. The Chinese sausage aroma can be quite strong – you don’t want everything smelling of sausage!
- If the sausage has turned dark, and the inside fat (cut into a sausage) is no longer pearly white, discard.
How to use Chinese sausage:
- Use links whole, cooked with rice: Chinese Sausage with Rice Recipe. You can even use the links direct from freezer. Just snuggle them in with the rice kernals to cook together.
- Dice: Usually, in a stir fry or fried rice, we’ll only use 2 or 3 links. Add the diced sausage to a wok or sauté pan and turn on the heat to medium-low. As the pan heats up, the sausage will slowly heat up melt the fat and eventually caramelize a bit. Once you see the sausage brown, turn darker in color, you can scoop the sausage out with a slotted spoon, leaving the fat behind. This fat is what you’ll use to cook with in the stir fry. Some Chinese sausage may be too lean to release a lot of fat – in that case, swirl just a little cooking oil to get the process started.
- Chinese sausage’s high sugar content means that it will burn fast. That’s why I like cook the sausage first, by itself, to make sure I get the perfect caramelization without burning. Plus, it melts the flavorful fat.
- Remember that Chinese sausage is sweet and salty – mostly sweet. So, go light on seasoning your dish until the end – taste and adjust.
Left: Chinese dried black mushroom Right: after soaking
Chinese Dried Mushroom
A staple in Chinese cooking is the dried black mushroom, which adds an intense umami flavor (noticing a trend in this dish?) It’s the best natural vegetarian/vegan way to get “meaty” and “savory” notes and texture in a dish.
You might be familiar with Japanese “Shiitake” mushrooms, which is generally thinner, more delicate. Fresh shiitake mushrooms are salted and dried. The more popular Chinese style of dried black mushroom has a thick cap and thick, stout stem. Dried mushrooms must be soaked before using in braises or stir fries.
How to buy Chinese Dried Mushrooms:
- You can certainly buy them in most Asian market, but I’ve also spotted them in regular, large supermarkets as well. Whole Foods and many health food stores will stock them, too.
- For Chinese style cooking, look for thick caps and short, thick stems. While they’ll take longer to soak than the thinner mushrooms, these will be more flavorful and hearty. Look for whole, unbroken mushroom with almost a swollen, puckered, crinkly cap. The best quality almost remind me of a tortoise shell, with a dark brown and light beige crinkles.
- You can buy them in bulk, but I prefer to get them already sealed in a large package. I’ve never been a fan of bulk. All those crinkles trap dust and dirt.
- I get both the thick Chinese style whole mushrooms AND thinner, already-sliced kind, which is great for stir fries. The thin, pre-sliced dried mushrooms halve the soaking time, and is just more convenient to use for stir fries.
How to store Chinese Dried Mushrooms:
- Dried mushrooms will last forever! Well, at least for a couple of years. Store them in a glass jar in your pantry. If you store them in a plastic container for a long period of time, your container will forever smell of Chinese mushrooms. You can also store in plastic zip top bags. Pretty simple!
How to use Chinese Dried Mushrooms:
- Soak first. Place the mushrooms in a deep bowl. Cover with water. The mushrooms will float – you can place a smaller plate on top of the mushrooms to weigh them down if you’d like to shorten the soaking time. The thicker the mushroom cap, the longer it takes to soak. Thin, pre-sliced dried mushrooms can soak in half of the time.
- Cool water – at least 1 hour.
- Just-boiled hot water – 30 minutes. If you’re short on time, microwave for 3 minutes or so, then let it sit for another 10 minutes.
- Mushroom is ready when you can easily cut/chop
- What to do with the soaking water. Personally, I prefer to dump it. The water will contain some grit and dirt. Some people like to use this water to cook with, it’s up to you. Generally, I don’t like using the soaking water for dried products.
- Use whole for soups and braises. Trim the stem and save. These stems can be used in making soups and stocks! Store them in a baggie in the freezer. Next time you are making stock, just throw a few into the pot (discard after making stock, they are tough to eat.)
- Dice for stir fries. Trim stem, save for stock.
- Dried mushrooms can withstand a lot of cooking without losing its texture – meaning, it’s hard to overcook. It’s better to add the mushrooms early on in the stir-fry, to give it time to cook through and soften even more.
What Kind of Rice?
Any rice! We’re using medium grain brown rice in the recipe, but you can use glutinous sweet rice. I love the texture and chew of pressure-cooked brown rice. In fact, it tastes very similar in texture to the glutinous sweet rice, but with the added health benefits.
How to cook Pressure Cooker Chinese Sausage and Brown Rice
Dice the dried shrimp, Chinese sausage, dried mushroom and 1 shallot:
These four ingredients will be stir fried briefly, to bring out their flavors. Notice that we’ll be adding the ingredients into the wok separately – this is to ensure each ingredient is cooked optimally.
Stir fry the shallots:
Then add in the dried shrimp:
Next, the mushrooms:
Chinese sausage:
When the Chinese sausage becomes darker, and the fats in the Chinese sausage melts and turns transparent, it’s ready. Take care not to burn the shallots during the stir fry – adjust heat accordingly.
Add to the pressure cooker pot along with the rice:
Add in liquid – you can use a combination of water, vegetable broth or chicken broth (more flavorful):
Set the pressure cooker to cook 30 minutes under pressure:
After pressure cook time is up, turn pressure cooker off, and let it rest for 10 minutes.
Then release the remaining pressure. I like to use tongs and a kitchen towel to direct the steam away from me. Be careful not to touch the hot steam.
The full recipe is below, at the end.
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Amazon’s price for the Chinese sausage is actually pretty good! I buy these packages at the local Asian market for $ 6.50 per pack. Below is a pack of 3.
Pressure Cooker Chinese Sausage and Brown Rice Recipe
A note about measuring cups. In this recipe, the cups of rice and broth are American cups, not Asian rice cups. If you bought a pressure cooker like the Instant Pot, it may have come with a small measuring cup for rice – which is actually smaller than an American measuring cup. I know, it’s confusing, but 1 Asian rice cup = about 3/4 cup standard American measurement.
You can use an electric pressure cooker or a manual stovetop pressure cooker.
Ingredients:
1/2 cup dried shrimp
4 Chinese dried mushrooms
3 Chinese sausage (lap cheung), diced
2 tablespoons cooking oil
1 shallot, minced
2 1/4 cups brown rice, rinsed and drained
3 cups chicken or vegetable broth
1/4 cup chopped cilantroDirections:
1. Soak the dried ingredients: In a small bowl, add the dried shrimp and cover with just-boiled hot water. Let soak for 10 minutes and drain, discarding water. In a separate small bowl, add the dried mushrooms and cover with just-boiled hot water. Let soak for 30 minutes, and drain, discarding water. Chop/dice the shrimp and the mushrooms.
2. Heat a wok over medium heat. When hot, swirl in the cooking oil. Stir fry the shallot for 30 seconds, then add the dried shrimp. Stir fry for 2 minutes, taking care not to burn the shallot (adjust heat if necessary.) Next, add in the mushrooms and the Chinese sausage, and continue to stir fry for another minute.
3. To the pressure cooker, add the rice, stir fried ingredients and the chicken broth. Set pressure cooker to cook for 30 minutes, When done cooking, turn off pressure cooker and let rest for 10 minutes. Then, carefully release pressure (do this carefully, with tongs and a towel) to prevent overcooking. Top with chopped cilantro.
Source: http://steamykitchen.com/41753-pressure-cooker-chinese-sausage-with-brown-rice.html
